ABSTRACT
Background: Stature is a significant anthropometric determinant of the physical identity of an individual. Aim: This study was carried out to estimate stature of Nigerian Annang indigenes of Akwa Ibom State from hand and foot dimensions. Methods: Two hundred (200) adults Annang indigenes (100 male and female each) were randomly selected for this study. Hand and foot dimensions were obtained by direct linear measurements using a 150mm digital vernier caliper (with accuracy of 0.01mm); while stature was determined by stadiometric measurement of the height (to the nearest 0.1m). Measurements obtained include; second (2D), fourth digit (4D) and right foot length (RFL). All measurement were converted to centimeters (cm). SPSS (IBM® version 20, Armonk, New York, USA) t-test was to evaluate gender difference in the measured dimensions; while Pearson’s correlation and Generalized Linear Modeling were used to derive Regression equation for estimation of stature from the measured dimensions. The significance level was set at 95% as P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The t-test showed that males displayed significantly higher mean values than the females for all measured parameters (P<0.001). Single regression sex specific regression formulae were derived and the result showed that better prediction (r) values were obtained for females F (2D=0.428, 4D=0.430, RFL=0.587; P<0.01) population when compared to males M (2D=0.319, 4D=0.231, RFL=0.456; P<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests the existence of sexual difference in hand and foot dimension and also the possibility of accurately estimating stature from the right foot length, right second and fourth digit.
ABSTRACT
Background: Stature is a significant anthropometric determinant of the physical identity of an individual. Aim: This study was carried out to estimate stature of Nigerian Annang indigenes of Akwa Ibom State from hand and foot dimensions. Methods: Two hundred (200) adults Annang indigenes (100male and female each) were randomly selected for this study. Hand and foot dimensions were obtained by direct linear measurements using a 150mm digital vernier caliper (with accuracy of 0.01mm); while stature was determined by stadiometric measurement of the height (to the nearest 0.1m). Measurements obtained include; second (2D), fourth digit (4D) and right foot length (RFL). All measurement were converted to centimeters (cm). SPSS (IBM® version 20, Armonk, New York, USA) t-test was to evaluate gender difference in the measured dimensions; while Pearson's correlation and Generalized Linear Modeling were used to derive Regression equation for estimation of stature from the measured dimensions. The significance level was set at 95% as Pâ¤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The t-test showed that males displayed significantly higher mean values than the females for all measured parameters (P<0.001). Single regression sex specific regression formulae were derived and the result showed that better prediction (r) values were obtained for females F (2D=0.428, 4D=0.430, RFL=0.587; P<0.01) population when compared to males M (2D=0.319, 4D=0.231, RFL=0.456 P<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests the existence of sexual difference in hand and foot dimension and also the possibility of accurately estimating stature from the right foot length, right second and fourth digit
Subject(s)
Body Height , Foot/growth & development , Hand/growth & development , NigeriaABSTRACT
Background: Effective surgical approaches and conclusive forensic investigations will require a well-documented comparative data for specific regions. This study was carried out to generate Nigerian specific morphometric data for the occipital condyle and basilar process and evaluate its application in forensic and clinical anatomy using macerated skull bones. Methods: A total of 141 adult Nigerian skull bones comprising of 126 males and 15 females were used for this study. Side specific (left [L] and right [R]) morphometric measurements were taken for the occipital condyle [OC] (length, maximum and minimum width [Mx OC & MnOC width], post and anterior intercondyle distance [AICD and PICD]). OC morphology was determined by shape and analysis was carried out using the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS IBM® version 23) t-test was used in assessing sex differences in the measured parameters with confidence level set at 95% and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The result obtained showed an equal distribution of oval and oblong shaped OC (27% for both), with less frequent crescentic shaped OC (19.9%). The mean (± S.D) of studied parameters were; L-OC Length = 20.98 ± 1.88mm, R-OC length = 20.52 ± 1.93mm, L-MxOC width = 15.11 ± 1.53mm, R-MxOC width = 14.26 ± 1.59mm, L-MnOC width = 10.85 ± 1.23mm, R-MnOC width = 10.76 ± 1.30mm, AICD = 18.09 ± 2.15mm, PICD = 30.85 ± 2.98mm and BP length = 29.37 ± 3.85mm. The paired sample t-test showed that only the MnOC width was bilateral, while OClength and MxOC width were significantly asymmetrical (P<0.001).The t-test showed that all variables except for OC length and MnOC width were significantly larger in males (P<0.05). When the dimensions of the Nigerian skull were compared with foreign values, high racial variability was observed and we had average OC length; not very short neither long, which was relatively safe for OC resection during surgical intervention at that region. Conclusion: It could be concluded that sex, side and racial differences are observable features of the occipital condyle and its morphometric relationship to other structures are useful to forensic experts and surgeons